DDIT3 (CHOP)基因转录产生mRNA, mRNA翻译产生蛋白(Bartlett et al. 1992, Carlson et al. 1993, Bruhat et al. 1997, Yoshida et al. 2000, Lee et al. 2008, Sikalidis et al. 2011)。在对氨基酸饥饿的反应中，ATF4和磷酸化ATF2增强了DDIT3 s的转录(Bruhat et al. 2000, Averous et al. 2004, Bruhat et al. 2007)