病毒感染产生dsRNA，激活OAS同工酶合成5'-三磷酸化的2'-5'连接低聚腺苷酸酯(2- 5a)。潜在L核糖核酸酶(L核糖核酸酶)结合2-5A oligomerizes成为一个活跃的复杂的能力裂开ssRNA成视黄acid-inducible基因(rig - i)和nucleotide-binding寡聚化域,富亮氨酸重复和pyrin域包含3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-activating小rna (Malathi K et al . 2007;Chakrabarti A et al. 2015)。2 ' -磷酸二酯酶(PDE12)介导的2- 5a降解可减弱RNase L的活化。PDE12是一个内切酶/外切酶/磷酸酶家族成员的deadenylases具有3 '，5 ' -和2 '，5 ' -磷酸二酯酶活性。PDE12定位于线粒体基质，除了降解2-5A外，还从一些线粒体mrna中去除poly(A)尾(Kubota K et al. 2004;Poulsen JB et al. 2011;Rorbach J et al. 2011;Silverman RH & Weiss SR 2014;Wood ER et al. 2015)。 The 2H phosphoesterase, AKAP7, is an unrelated nuclear enzyme that also degrades 2-5A (Gusho E et al. 2014). Several viruses, including some coronaviruses and rotaviruses, encode structurally related 2H phosphoesterases (each with two conserved histidine motifs) that degrade 2-5A and antagonize RNase L mediated antiviral activity (Zhao L et al. 2012; Zhang R et al. 2013; Silverman RH & Weiss SR 2014; Ogden KM et al. 2015; Sui B et al. 2016; Thornbrough JM et al. 2016; Goldstein SA et al. 2017).