The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp LEFT-TO-RIGHT 4.2.1.1 碳酸酐酶碳dioxi水合物de (cytosol) 这个事件已经计算推断an event that has been demonstrated in another species.

The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp CO2 carbon dioxide Reactome DB_ID: 113528 cytosol GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0005829 carbon dioxide [ChEBI:16526] carbon dioxide ChEBI CHEBI:16526 Reactome Database ID Release 77 113528 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113528 Reactome R-ALL-113528 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113528.3 Reactome //www.joaskin.com COMPOUND C00011 additional information MI MI:0361 H2O water Reactome DB_ID: 29356 water [ChEBI:15377] water ChEBI CHEBI:15377 Reactome Database ID Release 77 29356 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29356 Reactome R-ALL-29356 5 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29356.5 COMPOUND C00001 HCO3- bicarbonate hydrogencarbonate acid carbonate Reactome DB_ID: 111627 hydrogencarbonate [ChEBI:17544] hydrogencarbonate ChEBI CHEBI:17544 Reactome Database ID Release 77 111627 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=111627 Reactome R-ALL-111627 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-111627.3 COMPOUND C00288 H+ proton hydron Reactome DB_ID: 70106 hydron [ChEBI:15378] hydron ChEBI CHEBI:15378 Reactome Database ID Release 77 70106 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=70106 Reactome R-ALL-70106 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-70106.4 COMPOUND C00080 ACTIVATION Converted from EntitySet in Reactome CA1,2,3,7,13:Zinc Cytosolic Carbonic Anhydrase Reactome DB_ID: 10073174 CA1:Zn2+ Reactome DB_ID: 10073154 CA1 CA1 Q1LZA1 Reactome DB_ID: 10073152 UniProt:Q1LZA1 CA1 Bos taurus NCBI Taxonomy 9913 UniProt Q1LZA1 2 EQUAL 261 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073152 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073152 Reactome R-BTA-1237027 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237027.1 1 Zn2+ Zn++ zinc(2+) Zinc ion Zn(II) Reactome DB_ID: 29426 zinc(2+) [ChEBI:29105] zinc(2+) ChEBI CHEBI:29105 Reactome Database ID Release 77 29426 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29426 Reactome R-ALL-29426 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29426.3 COMPOUND C00038 1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073154 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073154 Reactome R-BTA-1237322 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237322.1 CA2:Zn2+ Reactome DB_ID: 10073160 CA2 CA2 F1N0H3 Reactome DB_ID: 10073158 UniProt:F1N0H3 CA2 UniProt F1N0H3 2 EQUAL 260 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073158 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073158 Reactome R-BTA-1237012 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237012.1 1 1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073160 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073160 Reactome R-BTA-1237310 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237310.1 CA3:Zinc Reactome DB_ID: 10073166 CA3 CA3 Q3SZX4 Reactome DB_ID: 10073164 UniProt:Q3SZX4 CA3 UniProt Q3SZX4 2 EQUAL 260 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073164 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073164 Reactome R-BTA-1237014 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237014.1 1 1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073166 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073166 Reactome R-BTA-1237315 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237315.1 CA7:Zinc Reactome DB_ID: 10073172 CA7 CA7 A0A3Q1MAE5 Reactome DB_ID: 10073170 UniProt:A0A3Q1MAE5 CA7 UniProt A0A3Q1MAE5 1 EQUAL 264 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073170 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073170 Reactome R-BTA-1237021 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237021.1 1 1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073172 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073172 Reactome R-BTA-1237309 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237309.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073174 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073174 Reactome R-BTA-1475034 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475034.1 GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0004089 gene ontology term for cellular function MI MI:0355 Same Catalyst Activity Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073175 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073175 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073181 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073181 Reactome R-BTA-1475026 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475026.1 Carbonic anhydrase I (CA1, Khalifah 1971, Simonsson et al. 1982, Ren and Lindskog 1992), carbonic anyhydrase II (CA2, Tibell et al. 1984, Jones and Shaw 1983, Pesando 1975, Ghannam et al. 1986), carbonic anhydrase III (CA3, Carter et al. 1979, Tu et al. 1990, Tu et al. 1994, Tu et al. 1998, Silverman et al. 1993), carbonic anhydrase VII (CA7, Bootorabi et al. 2010, Gitto et al. 2010) hydrate carbon dioxide to yield bicarbonate and a proton. Carbonic anhydrase deprotonates water to yield a zinc-hydroxyl group and a proton which is transferred to external buffer molecules via histidine or glutamate residues in carbonic anhydrase. The hydroxyl group reacts with carbon dioxide in the active site to yield bicarbonate. A water molecule displaces the bicarbonate and the reaction cycle begins again (reviewed in Lindskog 1997). Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible.
CA2 and CA7 have high catalytic activity, CA1 has low activity (10% of the activity of CA2), and CA3 has very low activity (1% of the activity of CA2). CA1 and CA2 are found in erythrocytes. CA2 is also found in kidney, lung, and white muscle where it facilitates diffusion of carbon dioxide. CA3 is found in red muscle where it participates in resistance against oxidative stress. 20578724 Pubmed 2010 Structural and kinetic study of the extended active site for proton transfer in human carbonic anhydrase II Domsic, JF Williams, W Fisher, SZ Tu, C Agbandje-McKenna, M Silverman, DN McKenna, R Biochemistry 49:6394-9 6407977 Pubmed 1983 A chemical and enzymological comparison of the common major human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase II, its minor component, and a new genetic variant, CA II Melbourne (237 Pro leads to His) Jones, GL Shaw, DC Hum Genet 63:392-9 120192 Pubmed 1979 Characterization of human carbonic anhydrase III from skeletal muscle Carter, N Jeffery, S Shiels, A Edwards, Y Tipler, T Hopkinson, DA Biochem Genet 17:837-54 1554744 Pubmed 1992 Buffer dependence of CO2 hydration catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase I Ren, X Lindskog, S Biochim Biophys Acta 1120:81-6 8399223 Pubmed 1993 Rate-equilibria relationships in intramolecular proton transfer in human carbonic anhydrase III Silverman, DN Tu, C Chen, X Tanhauser, SM Kresge, AJ Laipis, PJ Biochemistry 32:10757-62 8083199 Pubmed 1994 Interactions of active-site residues and catalytic activity of human carbonic anhydrase III Tu, C Chen, X Ren, X LoGrasso, PV Jewell, DA Laipis, PJ Silverman, DN J Biol Chem 269:23002-6 20493921 Pubmed 2010 Analysis of a shortened form of human carbonic anhydrase VII expressed in vitro compared to the full-length enzyme Bootorabi, F Jänis, J Smith, E Waheed, A Kukkurainen, S Hytönen, V Valjakka, J Supuran, CT Vullo, D Sly, William S Parkkila, S Biochimie 92:1072-80 3080418 Pubmed 1986 碳酸酐酶的活化参数I-catalyzed hydration of CO2 Ghannam, AF Tsen, W Rowlett, RS J Biol Chem 261:1164-9 9635771 Pubmed 1998 Properties of intramolecular proton transfer in carbonic anhydrase III Tu, C Qian, M Earnhardt, JN Laipis, PJ Silverman, DN Biophys J 74:3182-9 9336012 Pubmed 1997 Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase Lindskog, S Pharmacol Ther 74:1-20 4994926 Pubmed 1971 The carbon dioxide hydration activity of carbonic anhydrase. I. Stop-flow kinetic studies on the native human isoenzymes B and C 哈里发,RG J Biol Chem 246:2561-73 2169869 Pubmed 1990 Buffer enhancement of proton transfer in catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase III Tu, CK Paranawithana, SR Jewell, DA Tanhauser, SM LoGrasso, PV Wynns, GC Laipis, PJ Silverman, DN Biochemistry 29:6400-5 6433979 Pubmed 1984 Anion inhibition of CO2 hydration catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II. Mechanistic implications Tibell L Forsman, C Simonsson, I Lindskog, S Biochim Biophys Acta 789:302-10 234739 Pubmed 1975 Proton magnetic resonance studies of carbonic anhydrase. II. Group controlling catalytic activity Pesando, JM Biochemistry 14:681-8 17427958 Pubmed 2007 Structural and kinetic analysis of proton shuttle residues in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase III Elder, I Fisher, Z Laipis, PJ Tu, C McKenna, R Silverman, DN Proteins 68:337-43 21282642 Pubmed 2011 Intramolecular proton shuttle supports not only catalytic but also noncatalytic function of carbonic anhydrase II Becker, HM Klier, M Schüler, C McKenna, R Deitmer, JW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:3071-6 6819139 Pubmed 1982 A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance study of CO2/HCO-3 exchange catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase I Simonsson, I Jonsson, BH Lindskog, S Eur J Biochem 129:165-9 20349499 Pubmed 2010 Identification of potent and selective human carbonic anhydrase VII (hCA VII) inhibitors Gitto, R Agnello, S Ferro, S Vullo, D Supuran, CT Chimirri, A ChemMedChem 5:823-6 22001224 Pubmed 2011 Structure and catalysis by carbonic anhydrase II: role of active-site tryptophan 5 Mikulski, R Domsic, JF Ling, G Tu, C Robbins, AH Silverman, DN McKenna, R Arch Biochem Biophys 516:97-102 inferred from electronic annotation EVIDENCE CODE ECO:0000203 LEFT-TO-RIGHT 4.2.1.1 Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (cytosol) 这个事件已经计算推断an event that has been demonstrated in another species.

The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp ACTIVATION Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073177 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073177 Reactome R-BTA-1475022 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475022.1 Carbonic anhydrase I (CA1, Khalifah 1971, Simonsson et al. 1982, Ren and Lindskog 1992), carbonic anyhydrase II (CA2, Tibell et al. 1984, Jones and Shaw 1983, Pesando 1975, Ghannam et al. 1986), carbonic anhydrase III (CA3, Carter et al. 1979, Tu et al. 1990, Tu et al. 1994, Tu et al. 1998, Silverman et al. 1993), carbonic anhydrase VII (CA7, Bootorabi et al. 2010, Gitto et al. 2010) dehydrate cytosolic bicarbonate to yield water and carbon dioxide (reviewed in Lindskog 1997). Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible.
CA2 and CA7 have high catalytic activity, CA1 has low activity (10% of the activity of CA2), and CA3 has very low activity (1% of the activity of CA2). CA1 and CA2 are found in erythrocytes. CA2 is also found in kidney, lung, and white muscle where it facilitates diffusion of carbon dioxide. CA3 is found in red muscle where it participates in resistance against oxidative stress. LEFT-TO-RIGHT 4.2.1.1 碳酸酐酶碳dioxi水合物de (plasma membrane) 这个事件已经计算推断an event that has been demonstrated in another species.

The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp CO2 carbon dioxide Reactome DB_ID: 1237009 extracellular region GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0005576 Reactome Database ID Release 77 1237009 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1237009 Reactome R-ALL-1237009 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-1237009.3 COMPOUND C00011 H2O water Reactome DB_ID: 109276 Reactome Database ID Release 77 109276 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=109276 Reactome R-ALL-109276 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-109276.4 COMPOUND C00001 H+ hydron Reactome DB_ID: 351626 Reactome Database ID Release 77 351626 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=351626 Reactome R-ALL-351626 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-351626.4 COMPOUND C00080 HCO3- bicarbonate hydrogencarbonate acid carbonate Reactome DB_ID: 425425 Reactome Database ID Release 77 425425 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=425425 Reactome R-ALL-425425 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-425425.3 COMPOUND C00288 ACTIVATION Converted from EntitySet in Reactome CA4,9,14,12:Zn2+ Extracellular Carbonic Anhydrase Reactome DB_ID: 10073145 CA9:Zn2+ Reactome DB_ID: 10073137 plasma membrane GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0005886 Zn2+ Zn++ zinc(2+) zinc Zn(II) Reactome DB_ID: 109265 Reactome Database ID Release 77 109265 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=109265 Reactome R-ALL-109265 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-109265.3 COMPOUND C00038 1 CA9 CA9 E1BPA4 Reactome DB_ID: 10073135 UniProt:E1BPA4 CA9 UniProt E1BPA4 38 EQUAL 459 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073135 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073135 Reactome R-BTA-1235065 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1235065.1 1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073137 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073137 Reactome R-BTA-1237323 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237323.1 CA14:Zn2+ Reactome DB_ID: 10073143 1 CA14 CA14 A0A3Q1MI50 Reactome DB_ID: 10073141 UniProt:A0A3Q1MI50 CA14 UniProt A0A3Q1MI50 16 EQUAL 337 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073141 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073141 Reactome R-BTA-1237018 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237018.1 1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073143 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073143 Reactome R-BTA-1237324 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237324.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073145 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073145 Reactome R-BTA-1475027 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475027.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073146 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073146 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073179 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073179 Reactome R-BTA-1475025 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475025.1 碳酸酐酶IV (Okuy CA4,朱镕基和狡猾的1990年ama et al. 1992, Baird et al. 1997, Innocenti et al. 2004), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9, Wingo et al. 2001, Hilvo et al. 2008), carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12, Ulmasov et al. 2000, Pastorekova et al. 2008), and carbonic anhydrase XIV (CA14Ozensoy et al. 2005, Temperini et al. 2008) are membrane-bound enzymes that hydrate extracellular carbon dioxide to yield bicarbonate and a proton.Carbonic anhydrase deprotonates water to yield a zinc-hydroxyl group and a proton which is transferred to external buffer molecules via histidine or glutamate residues in carbonic anhydrase. The hydroxyl group reacts with carbon dioxide in the active site to yield bicarbonate. A water molecule displaces the bicarbonate and the reaction cycle begins again (reviewed in Lindskog 1997). Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible.
CA4 has high catalytic activity. CA9, CA12, and CA14 have moderate activity. CA4 is anchored to the extracellular face of the plasma membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol. CA9, CA12, and CA14 are single-pass transmembrane proteins. CA4 is found on the extracellular face of capillaries in kidney, lung, and muscle where it maintains the gradient of carbon dioxide between tissue and blood. CA9 and CA12 are found on basolateral membranes of epithelia. CA9 is inducible by Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1alpha) and acidifies the extracellular environment of tumors. In rodents CA15 is membrane anchored and has low activity; in primates CA15 is a pseudogene. 18703501 Pubmed 2008 Biochemical characterization of CA IX, one of the most active carbonic anhydrase isozymes Hilvo, M Baranauskiene, L Salzano, AM Scaloni, A Matulis, D Innocenti, A Scozzafava, A Monti, SM Di Fiore, A De Simone, G Lindfors, M Jänis, J Valjakka, J Pastoreková, S Pastorek, J Kulomaa, MS Nordlund, HR Supuran, CT Parkkila, S J Biol Chem 283:27799-809 18294854 Pubmed 2008 Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII with amino acids and amines Pastorekova, S Vullo, D Nishimori, I Scozzafava, A Pastorek, J Supuran, CT Bioorg Med Chem 16:3530-6 7625839 Pubmed 1995 Carbonic anhydrase IV: role of removal of C-terminal domain in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring and realization of enzyme activity Okuyama, T Waheed, A Kusumoto, W Zhu, XL Sly, William S Arch Biochem Biophys 320:315-22 18162396 Pubmed 2008 碳酸酐酶抑制剂。Interaction of 2-N,N-dimethylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-methanesulfonamide with 12 mammalian isoforms: kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies Temperini, C Cecchi, A Boyle, NA Scozzafava, A Cabeza, JE Wentworth P, Jr Blackburn, GM Supuran, CT Bioorg Med Chem Lett 18:999-1005 11676494 Pubmed 2001 The catalytic properties of human carbonic anhydrase IX Wingo, T Tu, C Laipis, PJ Silverman, DN Biochem Biophys Res Commun 288:666-9 9054574 Pubmed 1997 Catalysis and inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase IV Baird TT, Jr Waheed, A Okuyama, T Sly, William S Fierke, CA Biochemistry 36:2669-78 11121027 Pubmed 2000 Purification and kinetic analysis of recombinant CA XII, a membrane carbonic anhydrase overexpressed in certain cancers Ulmasov, B Waheed, A Shah, GN Grubb, JH Sly, William S Tu, C Silverman, DN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:14212-7 15501038 Pubmed 2004 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the membrane-bound human isozyme IV with anions Innocenti, A Firnges, MA Antel, J Wurl, M Scozzafava, A Supuran, CT Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14:5769-73 2111324 Pubmed 1990 Carbonic anhydrase IV from human lung. Purification, characterization, and comparison with membrane carbonic anhydrase from human kidney Zhu, XL Sly, William S J Biol Chem 265:8795-801 16006130 Pubmed 2005 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the human transmembrane isozyme XIV with a library of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides Ozensoy, O Nishimori, I Vullo, D Puccetti, L Scozzafava, A Supuran, CT Bioorg Med Chem 13:6089-93 LEFT-TO-RIGHT 4.2.1.1 Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (plasma membrane) 这个事件已经计算推断an event that has been demonstrated in another species.

The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp ACTIVATION Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073148 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073148 Reactome R-BTA-1475017 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475017.1 碳酸酐酶IV (Okuy CA4,朱镕基和狡猾的1990年ama et al. 1992, Baird et al. 1997, Innocenti et al. 2004), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9, Wingo et al. 2001, Hilvo et al. 2008), carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12, Ulmasov et al. 2000, Pastorekova et al. 2008), and carbonic anhydrase XIV (CA14, Ozensoy et al. 2005, Temperini et al. 2008) are membrane-bound enzymes that dehydrate bicarbonate to yield water and carbon dioxide. Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible.
CA4 has high catalytic activity. CA9, CA12, and CA14 have moderate activity. CA4 is anchored to the extracellular face of the plasma membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol. CA9, CA12, and CA14 are single-pass transmembrane proteins. CA4 is found on the extracellular face of capillaries in kidney, lung, and muscle where it maintains the gradient of carbon dioxide between tissue and blood. CA9 and CA12 are found on basolateral membranes of epithelia. CA9 is inducible by Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1alpha) and acidifies the extracellular environment of tumors. In rodents CA15 is membrane anchored and has low activity; in primates CA15 is a pseudogene. LEFT-TO-RIGHT 4.2.1.1 碳酸酐酶碳dioxi水合物de (mitochondria) 这个事件已经计算推断an event that has been demonstrated in another species.

The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp H2O water Reactome DB_ID: 113521 mitochondrial matrix GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0005759 Reactome Database ID Release 77 113521 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113521 Reactome R-ALL-113521 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113521.3 COMPOUND C00001 CO2 carbon dioxide Reactome DB_ID: 29376 Reactome Database ID Release 77 29376 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29376 Reactome R-ALL-29376 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29376.3 COMPOUND C00011 H+ hydron Reactome DB_ID: 113529 Reactome Database ID Release 77 113529 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113529 Reactome R-ALL-113529 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113529.4 COMPOUND C00080 HCO3- Bicarbonate hydrogencarbonate Acid carbonate Reactome DB_ID: 29896 Reactome Database ID Release 77 29896 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29896 Reactome R-ALL-29896 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29896.3 COMPOUND C00288 ACTIVATION Converted from EntitySet in Reactome CA5A,B:Zinc Mitochondrial Carbonic Anhydrase Reactome DB_ID: 10073195 CA5A:Zinc Reactome DB_ID: 10073187 Zn2+ Zn++ zinc(2+) Zinc ion Zn(II) Reactome DB_ID: 880067 Reactome Database ID Release 77 880067 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=880067 Reactome R-ALL-880067 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-880067.3 COMPOUND C00038 1 CA5A CA5A A0A3Q1LWK4 Reactome DB_ID: 10073185 UniProt:A0A3Q1LWK4 CA5A UniProt A0A3Q1LWK4 39 EQUAL 305 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073185 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073185 Reactome R-BTA-1237028 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237028.1 1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073187 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073187 Reactome R-BTA-1237314 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237314.1 CA5B:Zinc Reactome DB_ID: 10073193 CA5B CA5B F1N5D1 Reactome DB_ID: 10073191 UniProt:F1N5D1 CA5B UniProt F1N5D1 34 EQUAL 317 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073191 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073191 Reactome R-BTA-1237023 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237023.1 1 1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073193 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073193 Reactome R-BTA-1237319 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1237319.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073195 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073195 Reactome R-BTA-1475016 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475016.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073196 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073196 Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073200 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073200 Reactome R-BTA-1475032 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475032.1 碳酸酐酶VA (CA5A Nagao et al . 1993 Franchi et al. 2003, Nishimori et al. 2007) and carbonic anhydrase VB (CA5B, Fujikawa-Adachi et al. 1999, Nishimori et al. 2005, Nishimori et al. 2007) hydrate carbon dioxide in mitochondria to yield bicarbonate and a proton. Carbonic anhydrase deprotonates water to yield a zinc-hydroxyl group and a proton which is transferred to external buffer molecules via histidine or glutamate residues in carbonic anhydrase. The hydroxyl group reacts with carbon dioxide in the active site to yield bicarbonate. A water molecule displaces the bicarbonate and the reaction cycle begins again (reviewed in Lindskog 1997). Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible. 10409679 Pubmed 1999 Human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VB. cDNA cloning, mRNA expression, subcellular localization, and mapping to chromosome x Fujikawa-Adachi, K Nishimori, I Taguchi, T Onishi, S J Biol Chem 274:21228-33 14611844 Pubmed 2003 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human and murine mitochondrial isozymes V with anions Franchi, M Vullo, D Gallori, E Antel, J Wurl, M Scozzafava, A Supuran, CT Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13:2857-61 16302824 Pubmed 2005 碳酸酐酶抑制剂。The mitochondrial isozyme VB as a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors Nishimori, I Vullo, D Innocenti, A Scozzafava, A Mastrolorenzo, A Supuran, CT J Med Chem 48:7860-6 8356065 Pubmed 1993 Human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase: cDNA cloning, expression, subcellular localization, and mapping to chromosome 16 Nagao, Y Platero, JS Waheed, A Sly, William S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:7623-7 17761422 Pubmed 2007 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the inhibition profiles of the human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB with anions are very different Nishimori, I Innocenti, A Vullo, D Scozzafava, A Supuran, CT Bioorg Med Chem 15:6742-7 LEFT-TO-RIGHT 4.2.1.1 Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (mitochondria) 这个事件已经计算推断an event that has been demonstrated in another species.

The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp ACTIVATION Reactome Database ID Release 77 10073198 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10073198 Reactome R-BTA-1475028 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475028.1 碳酸酐酶VA (CA5A Nagao et al . 1993 Franchi et al. 2003, Nishimori et al. 2007) and carbonic anhydrase VB (CA5B, Fujikawa-Adachi et al. 1999, Nishimori et al. 2005, Nishimori et al. 2007) dehydrate bicarbonate in mitochondria to yield water and carbon dioxide (reviewed in Lindskog 1997). Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible. Reactome Database ID Release 77 10108580 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10108580 Reactome R-BTA-1475029 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-1475029.1 GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0015701 gene ontology term for cellular process MI MI:0359 Carbonic anhydrases reversibly catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide and directly produce bicarbonate and protons, bypassing the formation of carbonic acid (reviewed in Lindskog 1997, Breton 2001, Esbaugh and Tufts 2006, Boron 2010, Gilmour 2010). Carbonic anhydrase deprotonates water to yield a zinc-hydroxyl group and a proton which is transferred to external buffer molecules via histidine or glutamate residues in carbonic anhydrase. The hydroxyl group reacts with carbon dioxide in the active site to yield bicarbonate. A water molecule displaces the bicarbonate and the reaction cycle begins again. There are currently 12 known active carbonic anhydrases in humans. 16679072 Pubmed 2006 The structure and function of carbonic anhydrase isozymes in the respiratory system of vertebrates Esbaugh, AJ Tufts, BL Respir Physiol Neurobiol 154:185-98 11875253 Pubmed 2001 The cellular physiology of carbonic anhydrases Breton, S JOP 2:159-64 20541618 Pubmed 2010 Perspectives on carbonic anhydrase Gilmour, KM Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 157:193-7 19879980 Pubmed 2010 Evaluating the role of carbonic anhydrases in the transport of HCO3--related species Boron, WF Biochim Biophys Acta 1804:410-21