BioPAX pathway converted from "Response to metal ions" in the Reactome database.

Response to metal ions

虽然金属,如锌、铜和铁是required as cofactors for cellular enzymes they can also catalyze damaging metal substitution or unspecific redox reactions if they are not sequestered. The transcription factor MTF1 directs the major cellular response to zinc, cadmium, and copper. MTF1 activates gene expression to up-regulate genes encoding proteins, such as metallothioneins and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), involved in sequestering metals. MTF1 represses gene expression to down-regulate genes encoding transporters that import the metals into the cell (reviewed in Laity and Andrews 2007, Jackson et al. 2008, Günther et al. 2012, Dong et al. 2015). During activation MTF1 in the cytosol binds zinc ions and is translocated into the nucleus, where it binds metal response elements in the promoters of target genes. Activation of MTF1 by cadmium and copper appears to be indirect as these metals displace zinc from metallothioneins and the displaced zinc then binds MTF1.
Metallothioneins bind metals and participate in detoxifying heavy metals, storing and transporting zinc, and redox biochemistry.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27

MTF1 activates gene expression

The MTF1:zinc complex in the nucleus binds Metal Response Elements (MREs), DNA containing the core consensus sequence 5'-TGCRCNC-3', and activates or represses transcription depending on the context of the MRE (reviewed in Laity and Andrews 2007, Jackson et al. 2008, Gunther et al. 2012, Grzywacz et al. 2015). The 6 zinc fingers of each MTF1 monomer have different affinities for zinc and evidence from the mouse homolog indicates that different concentrations of zinc, and hence different metal loads in MTF1, activate different subsets of target genes (Wang et al. 2004, Dong et al. 2015). Genes activated by MTF1 include those encoding metallothioneins, zinc transporters, and stress-response proteins (Hardyman et al. 2016).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27 Reviewed: Ford, Dianne, 2017-01-27 Reviewed: Wang, Qinglu, 2017-01-27 Edited: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27 MTF1 dimer:12Zn2+ binds SNCB gene (beta-synuclein)

MTF1 dimer:12Zn2+ binds SNCB gene (beta-synuclein)

The MTF1:zinc complex binds a metal response element in the promoter of the beta-synuclein (SNCB) gene and activates transcription in response to zinc (McHugh et al. 2011).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27 Reviewed: Brown, David R, 2017-01-11 Edited: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27

Reactome DB_ID: 5660406

nucleoplasm GO 0005654

ENSEMBL:ENSG00000074317 SNCB SNCB Reactome //www.joaskin.com Homo sapiens

NCBI Taxonomy 9606 ENSEMBL ENSG00000074317

Reactome DB_ID: 5660456

MTF1 dimer:12Zn2+ [nucleoplasm]

MTF1 dimer:12Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660467

MTF1:6Zn2+ [nucleoplasm]

MTF1:6Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660367

UniProt:Q14872 MTF1

MTF1

MTF1 FUNCTION Zinc-dependent transcriptional regulator of cellular adaption to conditions of exposure to heavy metals (PubMed:8065932). Binds to metal responsive elements (MRE) in promoters and activates the transcription of metallothionein genes like metallothionein-2/MT2A (PubMed:8065932). Also regulates the expression of metalloproteases in response to intracellular zinc and functions as a catabolic regulator of cartilages (By similarity). UniProt Q14872

Chain Coordinates

EQUAL

753

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 200493

zinc(2+) [ChEBI:29105]

zinc(2+)

ChEBI 29105 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660467 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660467 Reactome R-HSA-5660467

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660467.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660456 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660456 Reactome R-HSA-5660456

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660456.1

Reactome DB_ID: 5660451

MTF1 dimer:12Zn2+:SNCB gene [nucleoplasm]

MTF1 dimer:12Zn2+:SNCB gene

Reactome DB_ID: 5660406

Reactome DB_ID: 5660456

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660451 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660451 Reactome R-HSA-5660451

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660451.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660479 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660479 Reactome R-HSA-5660479

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660479.1 21386983 Pubmed 2011 Transcriptional regulation of the beta-synuclein 5'-promoter metal response element by metal transcription factor-1 McHugh, Patrick C Wright, Josephine A Brown, David R PLoS ONE 6:e17354

Expression of SNCB

The SNCB (beta-synuclein) gene is transcribed to yield mRNA which is translated to yield protein (Lavedan et al. 1998). Transcription of SNCB is up-regulated by copper via a metal response binding element in the 5' promoter that binds MTF1 (McHugh et al. 2011).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27 Reviewed: Brown, David R, 2017-01-11 Edited: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27

Reactome DB_ID: 5660406

Reactome DB_ID: 5660390

cytosol GO 0005829

UniProt:Q16143 SNCB

SNCB

SNCB FUNCTION Non-amyloid component of senile plaques found in Alzheimer disease. Could act as a regulator of SNCA aggregation process. Protects neurons from staurosporine and 6-hydroxy dopamine (6OHDA)-stimulated caspase activation in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Contributes to restore the SNCA anti-apoptotic function abolished by 6OHDA. Not found in the Lewy bodies associated with Parkinson disease.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed predominantly in brain; concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.PTM Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRK) is more efficient than phosphorylation by CK1, CK2 and CaM-kinase II.SIMILARITY Belongs to the synuclein family. UniProt Q16143

EQUAL

134

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660530 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660530 Reactome R-HSA-5660530

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660530.4 9806846 Pubmed 1998 Genomic organization and expression of the human beta-synuclein gene (SNCB) Lavedan, C Leroy, E Torres, R Dehejia, A Dutra, A Buchholtz, S Nussbaum, R L Polymeropoulos, M H Genomics 54:173-5

ACTIVATION

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660558 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660558 Reactome R-HSA-5660558

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660558.1

Reactome DB_ID: 5660451

MTF1 dimer:12Zn2+ binds CSRP1 gene

As inferred from the mouse homolog, the promoter of the CSRP1 gene contains 3 consensus metal response elements, at least one of which binds MTF1. Expression of CSRP1 is activated by cadmium via MTF1.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27 Reviewed: Ford, Dianne, 2017-01-27 Edited: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27

Reactome DB_ID: 5660402

ENSEMBL:ENSG00000159176 CSRP1 CSRP CSRP1 CYRP ENSEMBL ENSG00000159176

Reactome DB_ID: 5660456

Reactome DB_ID: 5660435

MTF1 dimer:12Zn2+:CSRP1 gene [nucleoplasm]

MTF1 dimer:12Zn2+:CSRP1 gene

Reactome DB_ID: 5660402

Reactome DB_ID: 5660456

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660435 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660435 Reactome R-HSA-5660435

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660435.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660514 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660514 Reactome R-HSA-5660514

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660514.1

Expression of CSRP1

The CSRP1 gene is transcribed to yield mRNA which is translated to yield protein. Expression of CSRP1 is activated by zinc via MTF1 (Hardyman et al. 2016). As inferred from the mouse homolog, expression of CSRP1 is activated by cadmium via MTF1.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27 Reviewed: Ford, Dianne, 2017-01-27 Edited: May, Bruce, 2014-12-27

Reactome DB_ID: 5660402

Reactome DB_ID: 5660398

UniProt:P21291 CSRP1

CSRP1

CSRP CSRP1 CYRP FUNCTION Could play a role in neuronal development.SUBUNIT Interacts with ASCC1; ASCC2 AND TRIP4. UniProt P21291

EQUAL

193

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660503 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660503 Reactome R-HSA-5660503

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660503.4 1374386 Pubmed 1992 Human cysteine-rich protein. A member of the LIM/double-finger family displaying coordinate serum induction with c-myc Wang, X Lee, G Liebhaber, S A Cooke, N E 生物。Chem. 267:9176-84 26824222 Pubmed 2016 Zinc sensing by metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF1) controls metallothionein and ZnT1 expression to buffer the sensitivity of the transcriptome response to zinc Hardyman, J E J Tyson, J Jackson, K A Aldridge, C Cockell, S J Wakeling, L A Valentine, R A Ford, D Metallomics 8:337-43

ACTIVATION

As inferred from mouse homologs, MTF1 binds and activates the CSRP1 promoter (Wimmer et al. 2005). Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660542 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660542 Reactome R-HSA-5660542

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660542.1

Reactome DB_ID: 5660435

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660489 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660489 Reactome R-HSA-5660489

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660489.1 26336656 Pubmed 2015 Metal responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) regulates zinc dependent cellular processes at the molecular level Grzywacz, Agata Gdula-Argasińska, Joanna Muszyńska, Bożena Tyszka-Czochara, Małgorzata Librowski, Tadeusz Opoka, Włodzimierz Acta Biochim. Pol. 62:491-8 17462582 Pubmed 2007 Understanding the mechanisms of zinc-sensing by metal-response element binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) Laity, John H Andrews, Glen K Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 463:201-10 15318811 Pubmed 2004 Metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) selects different types of metal response elements at low vs. high zinc concentration Wang, Ying Lorenzi, Iris Georgiev, Oleg Schaffner, Walter Biol. Chem. 385:623-32 22289350 Pubmed 2012 The taste of heavy metals: gene regulation by MTF-1 Günther, Viola Lindert, Uschi Schaffner, Walter Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1823:1416-25 25405524 Pubmed 2015 Balance between metallothionein and metal response element binding transcription factor 1 is mediated by zinc ions (review) Dong, Gang Chen, Hong Qi, Meiyu Dou, Ye Wang, Qinglu Mol Med Rep 11:1582-6 19021537 Pubmed 2008 Mechanisms of mammalian zinc-regulated gene expression Jackson, Kelly A Valentine, Ruth A Coneyworth, Lisa J Mathers, John C Ford, Dianne Biochem. Soc. Trans. 36:1262-6

Metallothioneins bind metals

金属硫蛋白是高度保守的,cysteine-rich proteins that bind metals via thiolate bonds (recent general reviews in Capdevila et al. 2012, Blindauer et al. 2014, reviews of mammalian metallothioneins in Miles et al. 2000, Maret 2011, Vasak and Meloni 2011, Thirumoorthy et al. 2001, Babula et al. 2012). Mammals contain 4 general metallothionein isoforms (MT1,2,3,4). The MT1 isoform has radiated in primates to 8 or 9 functional proteins (depending on classification of MT1L). Each mammalian metallothionein binds a total of 7 divalent metal ions in two clusters, the alpha and beta clusters. Though the functions of metallothioneins have not been fully elucidated, they appear to participate in detoxifying heavy metals (reviewed in Sharma et al. 2013), storing and transporting zinc, and redox biochemistry. Metallothioneins interact with many other cellular proteins, with most interactions involving proteins of the central nervous system (reviewed in Atrian and Capdevila 2013).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-07 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-07 MT1A binds zinc

MT1A binds zinc

金属硫蛋白结合的MT1A 7锌(II)原子,3at the N-terminal beta domain and 4 at the C-terminal alpha domain (Sunderland et al. 2012). Binding is non-cooperative (Sunderland et al. 2012) and occurs via thiolate bonds between zinc and cysteine residues of the protein. MT1A binds 5 atoms of zinc before clustering of the zinc occurs (Summers et al. 2013). The 2 remaining zinc atoms bind MT1A with significantly less affinity (Summers et al. 2013).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-07 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-07

Reactome DB_ID: 5660412

UniProt:P04731 MT1A

MT1A

MT1A MT1S FUNCTION Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.SUBUNIT Monomer.DOMAIN Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P04731

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5661213

MT1A:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT1A:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660412

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5661213 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5661213 Reactome R-HSA-5661213

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5661213.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5661217 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5661217 Reactome R-HSA-5661217

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5661217.3 22982309 Pubmed 2012 Modeling the Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) metalation mechanism in mammalian metallothionein 1a Sutherland, Duncan E K Summers, Kelly L Stillman, Martin J Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 426:601-7 23506369 Pubmed 2013 Single-domain metallothioneins: evidence of the onset of clustered metal binding domains in Zn-rhMT 1a Summers, Kelly L Sutherland, Duncan E K Stillman, Martin J Biochemistry 52:2461-71 22823575 Pubmed 2012 Noncooperative metalation of metallothionein 1a and its isolated domains with zinc Sutherland, Duncan E K Summers, Kelly L Stillman, Martin J Biochemistry 51:6690-700

MT1A binds cadmium

MT1A binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II), 3 atoms at the N-terminal beta domain and 4 atoms at the C-terminal alpha domain (Rigby Duncan et al. 2008, Sunderland and Stillman 2008, Sutherland et al. 2012). A fifth cadmium atom bound to the alpha domain may be an intermediate formed during metal exchange (Rigby Duncan et al. 2008). Binding of cadmium is non-cooperative (Rigby Duncan and Stillman 2007, Sunderland and Stillman 2008). As inferred from mouse Mt1, MT1A may show less preference for zinc compared with cadmium and may therefore serve more than other metallothionein isoforms to detoxify cadmium.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-07 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-07

Reactome DB_ID: 5660412

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

cadmium(2+) [ChEBI:48775]

cadmium(2+)

Cd (2 +) cadmium, ion (Cd2+) Cd2+ CADMIUM ION ChEBI 48775

Reactome DB_ID: 5661235

MT1A:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT1A:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660412

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5661235 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5661235 Reactome R-HSA-5661235

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5661235.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5661219 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5661219 Reactome R-HSA-5661219

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5661219.3 17388808 Pubmed 2007 Evidence for noncooperative metal binding to the alpha domain of human metallothionein Rigby Duncan, Kelly E Stillman, Martin J FEBS J. 274:2253-61 22242602 Pubmed 2012 Single domain metallothioneins: supermetalation of human MT 1a Sutherland, Duncan E K Willans, Mathew J Stillman, Martin J J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134:3290-9 18429853 Pubmed 2008 Metal exchange in metallothioneins: a novel structurally significant Cd(5) species in the alpha domain of human metallothionein 1a Rigby Duncan, Kelly E Kirby, Christopher W Stillman, Martin J FEBS J. 275:2227-39 18533113 Pubmed 2008 Noncooperative cadmium(II) binding to human metallothionein 1a Sutherland, Duncan E K Stillman, Martin J Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 372:840-4

MT1A binds arsenic

Metallothionein MT1A binds 6 atoms of arsenic(III), 3 atoms at the N-terminal beta domain and 3 atoms at the C-terminal alpha domain (Ngu and Stillman 2006, Irvine et al. 2013). Each arsenic atom binds 3 cysteine thiols (Ngu and Stillman 2006, Irvine et al. 2013).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-07 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-07

Reactome DB_ID: 5660412

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5661216

arsenic(3+) [ChEBI:35828]

arsenic(3+)

As(3+) ChEBI 35828

Reactome DB_ID: 5661211

MT1A:6As3+ [cytosol]

MT1A:6As3+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660412

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5661216

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5661211 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5661211 Reactome R-HSA-5661211

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5661211.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5661230 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5661230 Reactome R-HSA-5661230

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5661230.3 23523794 Pubmed 2013 Cysteine accessibility during As3+ metalation of the ?- and ?-domains of recombinant human MT1a Irvine, Gordon W Summers, Kelly L Stillman, Martin J Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 433:477-83 16984198 Pubmed 2006 Arsenic binding to human metallothionein Ngu, Thanh T Stillman, Martin J J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128:12473-83

MT1B binds zinc

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1B binds 7 atoms of zinc(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660371

UniProt:P07438 MT1B

MT1B

MT1Q MT1B FUNCTION Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.SUBUNIT Monomer.DOMAIN Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P07438

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5662583

MT1B:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT1B:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660371

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662583 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662583 Reactome R-HSA-5662583

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662583.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662603 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662603 Reactome R-HSA-5662603

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662603.3

MT1B binds cadmium

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1B binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660371

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662575

MT1B:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT1B:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660371

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662575 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662575 Reactome R-HSA-5662575

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662575.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662610 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662610 Reactome R-HSA-5662610

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662610.3

MT1E binds zinc

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1E binds 7 atoms of zinc(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660420

UniProt:P04732 MT1E

MT1E

MT1E FUNCTION Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.SUBUNIT Monomer.DOMAIN Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P04732

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5662567

MT1E:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT1E:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660420

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662567 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662567 Reactome R-HSA-5662567

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662567.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662614 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662614 Reactome R-HSA-5662614

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662614.3

MT1E binds cadmium

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1E binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660420

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662590

MT1E:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT1E:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660420

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662590 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662590 Reactome R-HSA-5662590

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662590.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662595 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662595 Reactome R-HSA-5662595

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662595.3

MT1F binds zinc

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1F binds 7 atoms of zinc(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660426

UniProt:P04733 MT1F

MT1F

PRO0376 MT1F FUNCTION Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.SUBUNIT Monomer.DOMAIN Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P04733

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5662578

MT1F:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT1F:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660426

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662578 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662578 Reactome R-HSA-5662578

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662578.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662623 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662623 Reactome R-HSA-5662623

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662623.3

MT1F结合cadmium

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1F binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660426

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662561

MT1F:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT1F:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660426

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662561 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662561 Reactome R-HSA-5662561

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662561.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662596 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662596 Reactome R-HSA-5662596

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662596.3

MT1G binds zinc

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1G binds 7 atoms of zinc(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5660415

UniProt:P13640 MT1G

MT1G

MT1K MT1M MT1G FUNCTION Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.SUBUNIT Monomer.DOMAIN Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P13640

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5662585

MT1G:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT1G:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5660415

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662585 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662585 Reactome R-HSA-5662585

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662585.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662618 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662618 Reactome R-HSA-5662618

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662618.3

MT1G binds cadmium

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1G binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660415

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662582

MT1G:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT1G:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660415

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662582 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662582 Reactome R-HSA-5662582

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662582.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662617 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662617 Reactome R-HSA-5662617

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662617.3

MT1H binds zinc

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1H binds 7 atoms of zinc(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, B, 2014-02-07

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5661218

UniProt:P80294 MT1H

MT1H

MT1H FUNCTION Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.SUBUNIT Monomer.DOMAIN Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P80294

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5662579

MT1H:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT1H:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5661218

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662579 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662579 Reactome R-HSA-5662579

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662579.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662619 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662619 Reactome R-HSA-5662619

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662619.3

MT1H binds cadmium

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1H binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5661218

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662589

MT1H:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT1H:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5661218

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662589 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662589 Reactome R-HSA-5662589

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662589.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662597 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662597 Reactome R-HSA-5662597

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662597.3

MT1M binds zinc

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1M binds 7 atoms of zinc(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660422

UniProt:Q8N339 MT1M

MT1M

MT1K MT1M FUNCTION Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.SUBUNIT Monomer.DOMAIN Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt Q8N339

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5662570

MT1M:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT1M:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660422

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662570 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662570 Reactome R-HSA-5662570

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662570.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662621 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662621 Reactome R-HSA-5662621

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662621.3

MT1M binds cadmium

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1M binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660422

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662581

MT1M:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT1M:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660422

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662581 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662581 Reactome R-HSA-5662581

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662581.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662599 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662599 Reactome R-HSA-5662599

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662599.3

MT1X binds zinc

As inferred from MT1A, the metallothionein MT1X binds 7 atoms of zinc(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660400

UniProt:P80297 MT1X

MT1X

MT1X FUNCTION Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids. May be involved in FAM168A anti-apoptotic signaling (PubMed:23251525).SUBUNIT Monomer. Interacts with FAM168A (PubMed:23251525).DOMAIN Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P80297

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5662591

MT1X:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT1X:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660400

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662591 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662591 Reactome R-HSA-5662591

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662591.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662615 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662615 Reactome R-HSA-5662615

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662615.3

MT1X binds cadmium

As inferred from MT1A, metallothionein MT1X binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II) non-cooperatively.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660400

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662568

MT1X:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT1X:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660400

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662568 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662568 Reactome r - hsa - 5662568

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662568.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662622 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662622 Reactome R-HSA-5662622

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662622.3

MT2A binds zinc

The metallothionein MT2A binds 7 atoms of zinc(II) in two clusters, one at the N-terminal beta domain and one at the C-terminal alpha domain (Stillman et al. 2000, Yang et al. 2007). The cluster at the alpha domain is more stable than the cluster at the beta domain, making the beta domain a better zinc donor (Jiang et al. 2000). Each cluster assembles independently (Jiang et al. 2000).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 1031707

UniProt:P02795 MT2A

MT2A

MT2A MT2 CES1 FUNCTION Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.SUBUNIT Interacts with EOLA1.DOMAIN Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.MISCELLANEOUS This metallothionein binds zinc.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P02795

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5662577

MT2A:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT2A:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 1031707

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662577 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662577 Reactome R-HSA-5662577

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662577.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662598 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662598 Reactome R-HSA-5662598

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662598.3 17224279 Pubmed 2007 High-yield expression in Escherichia coli of soluble human MT2A with native functions Yang, Fang Zhou, Min He, Zhimin Liu, Xiaorong Sun, Lin Sun, Yu Chen, Zhuchu Protein Expr. Purif. 53:186-94 10716985 Pubmed 2000 Zinc transfer potentials of the alpha - and beta-clusters of metallothionein are affected by domain interactions in the whole molecule Jiang, L J Vasák, M Vallee, B L Maret, W Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:2503-8 10830841 Pubmed 2000 Circular dichroism, kinetic and mass spectrometric studies of copper(I) and mercury(II) binding to metallothionein Stillman, M J Thomas, D Trevithick, C Guo, X Siu, M J. Inorg. Biochem. 79:11-9

MT2A binds cadmium

The metallothionein MT2A binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II), a cluster of 4 atoms at the alpha domain at the C-terminus and a cluster of 3 atoms at the beta domain at the N-terminus (Pan et al. 1999).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 1031707

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662574

MT2A: 7 cd2 +[cytosol]

MT2A: 7 cd2 +

Reactome DB_ID: 1031707

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662574 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662574 Reactome R-HSA-5662574

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662574.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662608 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662608 Reactome R-HSA-5662608

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662608.3 10542048 Pubmed 1999 Why reversing the sequence of the alpha domain of human metallothionein-2 does not change its metal-binding and folding characteristics Pan, P K Zheng, Z F Lyu, P C Huang, P C Eur. J. Biochem. 266:33-9

MT2A binds copper

The metallothionein MT2A binds 10 atoms of copper(I). Complexes with up to 12 atoms of Cu+ are observed, however the predominant form appears to be MT2A:10Cu+ (Banci et al. 2010, Chung et al. 2010). Metallothioneins and CuZn-SOD have the highest affinities of cellular proteins for copper(I), but metallothioneins are incapable of removing copper from other cellular enzymes (Banci et al. 2010).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12

Reactome DB_ID: 3299744

copper(1+) [ChEBI:49552]

copper(1+)

Cu(+) copper cation copper(I) cation COPPER (I) ION cuprous ion copper(1+) ion ChEBI 49552

Reactome DB_ID: 1031707

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5662969

MT2A:10Cu1+ [cytosol]

MT2A:10Cu1+

Reactome DB_ID: 3299744

Reactome DB_ID: 1031707

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662969 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662969 Reactome R-HSA-5662969

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662969.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662986 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662986 Reactome R-HSA-5662986

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662986.3 20711450 Pubmed 2010 The native copper- and zinc-binding protein metallothionein blocks copper-mediated Abeta aggregation and toxicity in rat cortical neurons Chung, Roger S Howells, Claire Eaton, Emma D Shabala, Lana Zovo, Kairit Palumaa, Peep Sillard, Rannar Woodhouse, Adele Bennett, William R Ray, Shannon Vickers, James C West, Adrian K PLoS ONE 5:e12030 20463663 Pubmed 2010 Affinity gradients drive copper to cellular destinations Banci, Lucia Bertini, Ivano Ciofi-Baffoni, Simone Kozyreva, Tatiana Zovo, Kairit Palumaa, Peep Nature 465:645-8

MT3 binds zinc

The metallothionein MT3 binds 7 zinc(II) atoms in 2 clusters, one cluster of 4 atoms at the C-terminal alpha domain and one cluster of 3 atoms at the N-terminal beta domain (Eriste et al. 2003, Knipp et al. 2005, Meloni et al. 2007, Meloni et al. 2008, Meloni et al. 2009, Wu et al. 2014). Though MT3 has a lower overall affinity for zinc than MT2A does (Palumaa et al. 2005), MT3 is capable of binding an additional zinc atom with a binding constant of 100 micromolar (Eriste et al. 2003, Palumaa et al. 2005, Meloni et al. 2009). Stoichiometries up to MT3:11Zn2+ have been observed but the MT3:7Zn2+ form is more stable and predominates (Palumaa et al. 2002, Eriste et al. 2003, Palumaa et al.).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660396

UniProt:P25713 MT3

MT3

MT3 FUNCTION Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Abundant in a subset of astrocytes in the normal human brain, but greatly reduced in the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P25713

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5662573

MT3:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT3:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660396

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662573 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662573 Reactome R-HSA-5662573

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662573.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662606 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662606 Reactome R-HSA-5662606

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662606.3 18454142 Pubmed 2008 Metal swap between Zn7-metallothionein-3 and amyloid-beta-Cu protects against amyloid-beta toxicity Meloni, Gabriele Sonois, Vanessa Delaine, Tamara Guilloreau, Luc Gillet, Audrey Teissié, Justin Faller, Peter Vasák, Milan Nat. Chem. Biol. 4:366-72 12963354 Pubmed 2003 Purification of recombinant human apometallothionein-3 and reconstitution with zinc Eriste, Elo Kruusel, Keiu Palumaa, Peep Jörnvall, Hans Sillard, Rannar Protein Expr. Purif. 31:161-5 19425569 Pubmed 2009 Effects of Zn(2+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) on the structure of Zn(7)metallothionein-3: evidence for an additional zinc binding site Meloni, Gabriele Polanski, Thomas Braun, Oliver Vasák, Milan Biochemistry 48:5700-7 15736926 Pubmed 2005 Zn7metallothionein-3 and the synaptic vesicle cycle: interaction of metallothionein-3 with the small GTPase Rab3A Knipp, Markus Meloni, Gabriele Roschitzki, Bernd Vasák, Milan Biochemistry 44:3159-65 15698955 Pubmed 2005 Metal binding of metallothionein-3 versus metallothionein-2: lower affinity and higher plasticity Palumaa, Peep Tammiste, Indrek Kruusel, Keiu Kangur, Liina Jörnvall, Hans Sillard, Rannar Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1747:205-11 11994011 Pubmed 2002 Brain-specific metallothionein-3 has higher metal-binding capacity than ubiquitous metallothioneins and binds metals noncooperatively Palumaa, Peep Eriste, Elo Njunkova, Olga Pokras, Lesja Jörnvall, Hans Sillard, Rannar Biochemistry 41:6158-63 24973778 Pubmed 2014 High level expression, efficient purification, and bioactivity of recombinant human metallothionein 3 (rhMT3) from methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris Wu, Qi Li, B Wu, Fei Yang, Lijun Li, Shiwu Li, Hongbo Wu, D Cui, Taixing Tang, Dongqi Protein Expr. Purif. 101:121-6 17389590 Pubmed 2007 Redox silencing of copper in metal-linked neurodegenerative disorders: reaction of Zn7metallothionein-3 with Cu2+ ions Meloni, Gabriele Faller, Peter Vasák, Milan 生物。Chem. 282:16068-78

MT3 binds cadmium

The metallothionein binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II) in 2 clusters, 4 atoms at the C-terminal alpha domain and 3 atoms at the N-terminal beta domain (Palumaa et al. 2002, Palumaa et al. 2005, Wu et al. 2014). MT3 binds cadmium with a lower affinity than MT2A does (Palumaa et al. 2005). MT3 can bind more than 7 cadmium atoms, however the MT3:7Cd2+ complex is most prevalent (Palumaa et al. 2002, Palumaa et al. 2005). Exposure of MT3:7Cd2+ to nitric oxide causes release of cadmium (Wang et al. 2008).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 5660396

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662584

MT3:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT3:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660396

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662584 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662584 Reactome R-HSA-5662584

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662584.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662620 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662620 Reactome R-HSA-5662620

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662620.3 18157556 Pubmed 2008 The effect of nitric oxide on metal release from metallothionein-3: gradual unfolding of the protein Wang, Hui Li, Hongyan Cai, Bin Huang, Zhong-Xian Sun, Hongzhe 生物。Inorg。Chem. 13:411-9

MT3 binds copper

The metallothionein MT3 is able to bind 12 copper(I) atoms when fully saturated (Roschitzki et al. 2002). Initially, 4 copper(I) atoms bind to each of the alpha and beta domains followed by the binding of 4 more copper(I) atoms. As inferred from the mouse homolog, MT3 exhibits a Cu-thionein character stronger than that of the MT1 and MT2 isoforms and it displays a high capacity to bind Cu+ provided that this occurs in a non-oxidative milieux.

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12

Reactome DB_ID: 5660396

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 3299744

Reactome DB_ID: 5662992

MT3:12Cu1+ [cytosol]

MT3:12Cu1+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660396

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 3299744

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662992 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662992 Reactome R-HSA-5662992

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662992.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5663002 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5663002 Reactome R-HSA-5663002

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5663002.3 12072966 Pubmed 2002 A distinct Cu(4)-thiolate cluster of human metallothionein-3 is located in the N-terminal domain Roschitzki, Bernd Vasák, Milan 生物。Inorg。Chem. 7:611-6

MT3 exchanges zinc for copper

MT3:7Zn2 +版本3锌离子和绑定4铜ions at the N-terminal beta domain (Roschitszi et al. 2003, Meloni et al. 2007, Meloni et al. 2008). By this mechanism MT3 is able to scavenge free copper ions and swap metal with an aggregated amyloid beta:copper(II) complex and a alpha-synuclein:copper(II) complex and thereby abolish production of reactive oxygen species (Meloni et al. 2008, Meloni and Vasak 2011, Pedersen et al. 2012, Luo et al. 2013). The copper ions are divalent (copper(II), Cu2+) before binding but univalent (copper(I), Cu1+) after binding (Meloni et al. 2008).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-09

Reactome DB_ID: 209799

copper(2+) [ChEBI:29036]

copper(2+)

copper(II) cation cupric ion Cu(2+) COPPER (II) ION Cu2+ Cu(II) copper, ion (Cu2+) ChEBI 29036

Reactome DB_ID: 5662573

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5662563

MT3:4Zn2+:4Cu+ [cytosol]

MT3:4Zn2+:4Cu+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660396

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 3299744

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662563 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662563 Reactome R-HSA-5662563

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662563.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662613 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662613 Reactome R-HSA-5662613

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662613.2 22283439 Pubmed 2012 快速的交流of metal between Zn(7)-metallothionein-3 and amyloid-? peptide promotes amyloid-related structural changes Pedersen, Jeppe T Hureau, Christelle Hemmingsen, Lars Heegaard, Niels H H Østergaard, Jesper Vašák, Milan Faller, Peter Biochemistry 51:1697-706 12911326 Pubmed 2003 氧化还原不稳定的站点在Zn4集群的Cu4,Zn4-metallothionein-3 Roschitzki, Bernd Vasák, Milan Biochemistry 42:9822-8 21320589 Pubmed 2011 Redox activity of ?-synuclein-Cu is silenced by Zn?-metallothionein-3 Meloni, Gabriele Vašák, Milan Free Radic. Biol. Med. 50:1471-9 23086305 Pubmed 2013 The molecular mechanism for human metallothionein-3 to protect against the neuronal cytotoxicity of A?(1-42) with Cu ions Luo, Ying Xu, Yuxia Bao, Qingui Ding, Zhichun Zhu, Cuiqing Huang, Zhong-Xian Tan, Xiangshi 生物。Inorg。Chem. 18:39-47

MT4 binds zinc

As inferred from the mouse homolog, MT4 binds 7 atoms of zinc(II).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5660408

UniProt:P47944 MT4

MT4

MT4 FUNCTION Seems to bind zinc and copper. Could play a special role in regulating zinc metabolism during the differentiation of stratified epithelia.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. UniProt P47944

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5662640

MT4:7Zn2+ [cytosol]

MT4:7Zn2+

Reactome DB_ID: 29426

Reactome DB_ID: 5660408

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662640 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662640 Reactome R-HSA-5662640

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662640.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662653 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662653 Reactome R-HSA-5662653

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662653.3

MT4 binds cadmium

As inferred from the mouse homolog, MT4 binds 7 atoms of cadmium(II).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12

Reactome DB_ID: 5660408

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome DB_ID: 5662648

MT4:7Cd2+ [cytosol]

MT4:7Cd2+

Reactome DB_ID: 5660408

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 1132098

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662648 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662648 Reactome R-HSA-5662648

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662648.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662649 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662649 Reactome R-HSA-5662649

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662649.3

MT4 binds copper

As inferred from the mouse homolog, MT4 binds 10 atoms of copper(I).

Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12 Reviewed: Atrian, Sílvia, 2015-09-19 Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-01-12

Reactome DB_ID: 3299744

Reactome DB_ID: 5660408

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5662637

MT4:10Cu1+ [cytosol]

MT4:10Cu1+

Reactome DB_ID: 3299744

Reactome DB_ID: 5660408

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662637 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662637 Reactome R-HSA-5662637

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662637.1 Reactome Database ID Release 77 5662647 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5662647 Reactome R-HSA-5662647

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5662647.3 15033980 Pubmed 2004 Functional differentiation in the mammalian metallothionein gene family: metal binding features of mouse MT4 and comparison with its paralog MT1 Tío, Laura Villarreal, Laura Atrian, Silvia Capdevila, Mercè 生物。化学279:24403-13

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5661231 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5661231 Reactome R-HSA-5661231

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5661231.2 10755665 Pubmed 2000 Induction, regulation, degradation, and biological significance of mammalian metallothioneins Miles, A T Hawksworth, G M Beattie, J H Rodilla, V Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 35:35-70 2012 State-of-the-art of metallothioneins at the beginning of the 21st century Capdevila, Mercè Bofill, Roger Palacios, Òscar Atrian, Silvia Coor. Chem. Reviews 256:46-62 978-1-84973-599-5 ISBN 2014 Metallothioneins Blindauer, Claudia A Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells (Book): 594-653 22791193 Pubmed 2012 Mammalian metallothioneins: properties and functions Babula, Petr Masarik, Michal Adam, Vojtech Eckschlager, Tomas Stiborova, Marie Trnkova, Libuse Skutkova, Helena Provaznik, Ivo Hubalek, Jaromir Kizek, Rene Metallomics 4:739-50 21647775 Pubmed 2011 Redox biochemistry of mammalian metallothioneins Maret, Wolfgang 生物。Inorg。化学16:1079 - 86 23620664 Pubmed 2013 Clinical significance of metallothioneins in cell therapy and nanomedicine Sharma, Sushil Rais, Afsha Sandhu, Ranbir Nel, Wynand Ebadi, Manuchair Int J Nanomedicine 8:1477-88 21599891 Pubmed 2011 A review of metallothionein isoforms and their role in pathophysiology Thirumoorthy, N Shyam Sunder, A Manisenthil Kumar, Kt Senthil Kumar, M Ganesh, Gnk Chatterjee, Malay World J Surg Oncol 9:54 25436572 Pubmed 2013 Metallothionein-protein interactions Atrian, Silvia Capdevila, Mercè Biomol Concepts 4:143-60 21647776 Pubmed 2011 Chemistry and biology of mammalian metallothioneins Vašák, Milan Meloni, Gabriele 生物。Inorg。Chem. 16:1067-78 GO 0010038

GO biological process

Reactome Database ID Release 77 5660526 数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5660526 Reactome R-HSA-5660526

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5660526.4